Exploring the yeast-mycorrhiza-plant interaction: Saccharomyces eubayanus negative effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal formation in tomato plants

Many studies have reported beneficial effects of yeasts on the colonization and development arbuscular mycorrhizae, thought a few also shown neutral effects. All these in common that mechanism, by which mycorrhizae interact, is little understood. Here, we explore how plant growth-promoting affect tomato plants mycorrhizal fungi. We tested influence soil Candida saitoana, Tausonia pullulans, Saccharomyces eubayanus roots fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. analyzed parameters expression pattern mycorrhiza-specific genes. In co-inoculated with S. R. irregularis, measured root accumulation jasmonic acid, oxo-phytodienoic abscisic acid salicylic genes related to hormone signaling metabolism. The three had distinct colonization: C. saitoana no effect parameters, T. pullulans delayed at an early stage, slowed down throughout entire trial. observed sustained increase up-regulation JA biosynthesis LOXD, OPR3, AOS1. Co-inoculation yeast affected altered defense-related particular, modified defense hormones such as linked mycorrhizal-induced resistance plants.